Articles 291 and 292 of the CGP compared with article 8 of Ley 2213
Two regimes for the same personal notification. CGP arts. 291 and 292 use a communication and, if the person does not appear, an aviso, through an authorised postal service; art. 8 of Ley 2213 de 2022 sends the court order as a data message, with no citación or aviso.
Contents · 9 sections
What is the difference between notification under CGP arts. 291 and 292 and under art. 8?
The Código General del Proceso governs personal notice by summons (art. 291) and, if the defendant does not appear, by aviso (art. 292), both with email variants. Ley 2213 de 2022 added another route: sending the court order as a data message, with no prior summons or aviso (art. 8).
The Supreme Court has held that the two regimes coexist, that each has its own requirements and that they must not be mixed (STC7684-2021, STC913-2022, STC8125-2022, STC11127-2022).
| Aspect | CGP, art. 291 | CGP, art. 292 | Law 2213 of 2022, art. 8 |
|---|---|---|---|
| What is sent | A communication stating that the proceeding exists, its nature and the date of the court order, and warning the person to appear at the court to receive notice. | An aviso with its own date and the order's, the court, the nature of the proceeding, the parties' names and a warning of when notice is deemed made. For the auto admisorio or the mandamiento ejecutivo, with an informal copy of the order. | The court order, as a data message, and by the same means the annexes to be delivered for a traslado. No prior citación and no physical or virtual aviso. |
| Who sends it, and how | The interested party, through a postal service authorised by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies. If the electronic address is known, the court clerk (Secretario) or the interested party may send it by email. | The interested party drafts it and sends it through an authorised postal service to the same address as the communication. If the electronic address is known, the Secretario or the interested party may send it by email. | The interested party, to the electronic address or site it provides. It states under oath that the address is the one the person uses, says how it was obtained and files the evidence. |
| What reaches the case file | The copy of the communication, compared and stamped by the postal service company, and its delivery record. By email, a record of the acknowledgement of receipt and a printout of the data message. | The delivery record of the aviso issued by the authorised postal service company, with the copy of the aviso compared and stamped. By email, a record of the acknowledgement of receipt and a printout of the data message. | The oath on the address, how it was obtained and its evidence. For receipt, freedom of proof governs, according to the Corte Suprema. |
| When it is deemed made | When the person appears at the court and the record (acta) is drawn up. They must appear within 5 days of the communication's delivery, 10 if delivered in a municipality other than the court's seat and 30 if abroad. If they do not appear, notice is given by aviso. | At the end of the day after the aviso is delivered at its destination. | Once two business days have passed after the message is sent. Terms start to count when the sender receives an acknowledgement of receipt or the recipient's access to the message can otherwise be established. |
CGP, art. 291CGP, art. 292Law 2213 of 2022, art. 8
Text of the articles transcribed from the official publication of the Secretaría General del Senado, read on October 11, 2026. Each link leads to the article in that publication.
How is personal notification under CGP art. 291 made?
The interested party sends the person to be notified, through an authorised postal service, a communication stating that the proceeding exists, its nature and the date of the court order, and warning them to appear at the court to receive notice within the five (5) days after its delivery at the destination; ten (10) if delivered in a municipality other than the court's seat, and thirty (30) if abroad (numeral 3).
The postal service company compares and stamps a copy of the communication and issues a record of its delivery; both documents go into the case file. If the person appears, they are shown the court order and a record (acta) is drawn up (numeral 5). If they do not appear within the period given, the interested party proceeds to notify by aviso (numeral 6).
«La empresa de servicio postal deberá cotejar y sellar una copia de la comunicación, y expedir constancia sobre la entrega de esta en la dirección correspondiente. Ambos documentos deberán ser incorporados al expediente.»
CGP, art. 291, numeral 3
«Cuando el citado no comparezca dentro de la oportunidad señalada, el interesado procederá a practicar la notificación por aviso.»
CGP, art. 291, numeral 6
Text of the articles transcribed from the official publication of the Secretaría General del Senado, read on October 11, 2026. Each link leads to the article in that publication.
What is notification by aviso under CGP art. 292?
It is used when personal notification of the auto admisorio de la demanda or of the mandamiento ejecutivo, or of another order that must be notified in person, cannot be made. The aviso states its own date and the order's, the court, the nature of the proceeding, the parties' names and the warning that notice will be deemed made at the end of the day after the aviso is delivered at its destination.
The interested party drafts it and sends it through an authorised postal service to the same address as the art. 291 communication. For the auto admisorio or the mandamiento ejecutivo, it goes with an informal copy of the order.
«El aviso será elaborado por el interesado, quien lo remitirá a través de servicio postal autorizado a la misma dirección a la que haya sido enviada la comunicación a que se refiere el numeral 3 del artículo anterior.»
CGP, art. 292, inciso 3
Text of the articles transcribed from the official publication of the Secretaría General del Senado, read on October 11, 2026. Each link leads to the article in that publication.
Can email be used on the route of arts. 291 and 292?
Yes, under the CGP's rules: when the electronic address of the person to be notified is known, the art. 291 communication and the art. 292 aviso may be sent by email by the Secretario or the interested party. The recipient is presumed to have received them when the sender receives an acknowledgement of receipt, and a record is left in the case file with a printout of the data message.
That is still the CGP route, with communication and aviso. The art. 8 route of Ley 2213 de 2022 does not need them.
«Cuando se conozca la dirección electrónica de quien deba ser notificado, el aviso y la providencia que se notifica podrán remitirse por el Secretario o el interesado por medio de correo electrónico. Se presumirá que el destinatario ha recibido el aviso cuando el iniciador recepcione acuse de recibo.»
CGP, art. 292, inciso 5
Text of the articles transcribed from the official publication of the Secretaría General del Senado, read on October 11, 2026. Each link leads to the article in that publication.
Is there notification by aviso in Ley 2213 de 2022?
Art. 8 of Ley 2213 de 2022 does not use it: it lets notifications that must be made in person be made by sending the court order as a data message, with no need to send a prior citación or physical or virtual aviso (inciso 1). The aviso belongs to CGP art. 292.
«Las notificaciones que deban hacerse personalmente también podrán efectuarse con el envío de la providencia respectiva como mensaje de datos a la dirección electrónica o sitio que suministre el interesado en que se realice la notificación, sin necesidad del envío de previa citación o aviso físico o virtual.»
Law 2213 of 2022, art. 8, inciso 1
Text of the articles transcribed from the official publication of the Secretaría General del Senado, read on October 11, 2026. Each link leads to the article in that publication.
Why should the two regimes not be mixed?
The summons and the aviso are not part of article 8, and neither are the contents art. 292 requires of an aviso. In STC4737-2023 the Supreme Court set aside a nullity declared because the message did not state the date of the order or when notice would be complete: that was demanding what the statute does not.
Even so, including those details in the message is good practice. Not because the statute asks for it, but because it removes an argument in any later nullity motion.
What if no address of the defendant is known?
If the art. 291 communication is returned marked that the address does not exist or that the person does not live or work there, emplazamiento follows at the interested party's request (numeral 4). It also follows when the plaintiff states that they do not know where the defendant can be summoned (CGP art. 293).
Since Ley 2213 de 2022, the emplazamientos of CGP art. 108 are made only in the national register of summoned persons (registro nacional de personas emplazadas), with no publication in print (art. 10).
Without an electronic address for the person to be notified, Notificado is not the tool.
«Cuando el demandante o el interesado en una notificación personal manifieste que ignora el lugar donde puede ser citado el demandado o quien deba ser notificado personalmente, se procederá al emplazamiento en la forma prevista en este código.»
«Los emplazamientos que deban realizarse en aplicación del artículo 108 del Código General del Proceso se harán únicamente en el registro nacional de personas emplazadas, sin necesidad de publicación en un medio escrito.»
Text of the articles transcribed from the official publication of the Secretaría General del Senado, read on October 11, 2026. Each link leads to the article in that publication.
Frequently asked questions
Did Ley 2213 de 2022 repeal CGP arts. 291 and 292?
Art. 8 says that notifications that must be made in person may also be made by data message, and the Supreme Court has held that the two regimes coexist and that each has its own requirements (STC7684-2021, STC11127-2022).
Who makes the notification by aviso?
The interested party: it drafts the aviso and sends it through an authorised postal service to the same address it sent the art. 291 communication to (CGP art. 292).
When is notification by aviso deemed made?
At the end of the day after the aviso is delivered at its destination (CGP art. 292).
Is a prior citación needed to notify by email under art. 8?
No. Art. 8 of Ley 2213 de 2022 allows personal notification to be made by sending the court order as a data message, with no need to send a prior citación or physical or virtual aviso (inciso 1).
How do Decreto 806 de 2020 and Ley 2213 de 2022 relate?
Ley 2213 de 2022, promulgated on 13 June 2022 (Diario Oficial 52.064), made Decreto Legislativo 806 de 2020 permanent.
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An informative summary, not legal advice. The validity of each notification is decided by the judge hearing the case. Published October 12, 2026
Keep reading
- Guide: personal notification under art. 8, Ley 2213 de 2022Requirements, the sworn statement, receipt, when notice is complete and what to file.
- Is notification by email valid?Requirements, proof and nulidad under art. 8 of Ley 2213 de 2022.
- Is certified mail mandatory?What art. 8 requires to notify, and what the Corte Suprema has held.
- Certified email: what does the law require?What the term names, and what the law requires to notify under art. 8.
- Nullity for defective notificationWhat the party asking must state and what the judge weighs.
- Term of the traslado de la demandaDays to answer by type of case, from the text of the CGP.
- Art. 8 notification modelWhat the message and the memorial Notificado prepares contain.
- When does the CGP call for postal certified mail?The postal route of arts. 291 and 292 of the CGP, and what art. 8 of Ley 2213 de 2022 provides to notify by data message.
- Printable checklistEvery step of an article 8 notification, to tick off before filing the memorial.
- Key case lawThe Constitutional Court and Supreme Court rulings that set the rule.
- Term calculatorFrom the send date: notice complete, and the start and end of the term, in business days.
- BlogShort notes on questions that keep coming up in court.